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Potassium Citrate, also known as potassium citrate, potassium citrate. Molecular formula: K3C6H5O7 • H2O, molecular weight: 324.4 Properties: colorless crystal or white crystalline powder, slightly hygroscopic, soluble in water, slowly soluble in glycerin, insoluble in alcohol, salty and cool. Weight: 1.98, Potassium Citrate uses: mainly used as analytical reagent, food additive, in the pharmaceutical industry with alkaline potassium, Potassium Citrate as hypokalemia and alkalization of urine, also can be into efficient compound fertilizer, E332 can be used for paper making, gold and other industries.
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It occurs naturally in foods, especially in fruits. However, in commercial production, it is chemically synthesized by the reaction between citric acid and potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate.

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Sodium stearate or sodium octadecanoate, is the sodium salt of stearic acid. It is the major component of some types of soap. It is present in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, inks and accelerators. It is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings. In addition, It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant, to aid the solubility of hydrophobic compounds in the production of various oral dosage forms. It does this due to the molecule having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature. Sodium stearate molecules can form micelles, presenting their hydrophilic heads outwards and their hydrophobic tails inwards, providing a lipophilic environment for hydrophobic compounds to exist in.

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Generally, there are two manufacturing processes that can be used to obtain this ingredient.

1. Direct process
In this method, purified sodium stearate is synthesized by the chemical reaction between stearic acid and sodium hydroxide. Reaction equation as follows:

C17H35COOH+NaOH=C17H35COONa+H2O

This process is also suitable to produce potassium stearate (with another base KOH) and other salts of fatty acids.

2. Triglyceride hydrolysis
It can also be made from a saponification or basic hydrolysis reaction between NaOH with triglyceride. Reaction equation as follows (2):



(C18H35O2)3C3H5 + 3 NaOH → C3H5(OH)3 + 3 C18H35O2Na

Triglyceride is glycerine molecules attached to long hydrocarbon chains – stearic acid. It is the common form that stearic acid presents in natural sources: animal oils & fats and vegetable oils.


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Trisodium phosphate as a colorless needle-like hexagonal crystals. Soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents,Trisodium phosphate relative density of 1.62 (20 degrees C): melting point 73.3-76.7 ° C (decomposition),7601 -54-9 easily weathered in dry air, 100 ° C that has lost ten two crystal water from anhydrous (Na3PO4). Trisodium phosphate alkaline aqueous solution, the skin has some erosion.

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